Which of the following measurements refers to the vertical measurement from the base of the sleeve?

The correct measurement that refers to the vertical measurement from the base of the sleeve is sleeve length. Sleeve length typically measures the distance from the shoulder seam, where the sleeve is attached, down to the end of the sleeve cuff. It indicates how long the sleeve is and influences how the garment fits the arm.

In contrast, sleeve width would pertain to how wide the sleeve is around the arm, body length refers to the vertical measurement of the shirt from the top of the shoulder to the bottom hem, and shoulder width measures the distance across the shoulders from one seam to the other. Thus, sleeve length is the specific measurement that captures the vertical span of the sleeve itself.